Dumoulin 1..8

D Rapid eye movement sleep is maximal during early life, but its function in the developing brain is unknown. We investigated the role of rapid eyemovement sleep in a canonicalmodel of developmental plasticity in vivo (ocular dominance plasticity in the cat) induced by monocular deprivation. Preventing rapid eye movement sleep after monocular deprivation reduced ocular dominance plasticity and inhibited activation of a kinase critical for this plasticity (extracellular signal–regulated kinase). Chronic single-neuron recording in freely behaving cats further revealed that cortical activity during rapid eyemovement sleep resembled activity present duringmonocular deprivation. This corresponded to times ofmaximal extracellular signal–regulated kinase activation. These findings indicate that rapid eyemovement sleep promotes molecular and network adaptations that consolidate waking experience in the developing brain. ow